INFLUENZA H5N1 VIRUS INFECTION OF POLARIZED HUMAN ALVEOLAR EPITHELIAL CELLS AND LUNG MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS

Influenza H5N1 virus infection of polarized human alveolar epithelial cells and lung microvascular endothelial cells

Abstract Background Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus is entrenched in poultry in Asia and Africa and continues to infect humans zoonotically causing acute respiratory disease syndrome and death.There is evidence that the virus may sometimes spread beyond respiratory tract to cause disseminated infection.The primary target cell fo

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The unsolved problem of solar-wind turbulence

The solar wind forms the largest wind tunnel for plasma and magnetofluid turbulence that is accessible to Earth.It evolves from what is thought to be a turbulent source that continues to drive nonlinear turbulent dynamics as it expands outward via large-scale, energy-containing wind shear and shocks.In the outer heliosphere, once the gradients in t

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Monitoring of regulatory T cell frequencies and expression of CTLA-4 on T cells, before and after DC vaccination, can predict survival in GBM patients.

Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines have recently emerged as an innovative therapeutic option for glioblastoma patients.To identify novel surrogates of anti-tumor immune responsiveness, we studied the dynamic expression of activation and inhibitory markers on peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) subsets in glioblastoma patients treated with DC vaccination at

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